Follicular cystitis: a review of the literature with several cases

Abstract

Follicular cystitis (FC) is a benign pathology of bladder surface and has a proliferative character. It is an entity that belongs to the group of chronic cystopathies. FC were identified by Cruveilier for the first time in the year 1856. Bacterial infections and inflammatory process are believed to be responsible for the etiology. Patients present with non-specific lower urinary tract symptoms such as dysuria, hematuria and pollakiuria. But recurrent urinary tract infection or resistant microscopic or macroscopic hematuria attacks can be stimulating for the diagnosis of FC. Usually, radiological imaging methods don’t help to diagnosis. The real diagnosis of FC consists of cystoscopy planning followed by histopathological examination. In the cystoscopy, mostly the presence of nodules in trigone localization can be detected. The presence of large number of plasmatic cells and lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles in trigonal area mucosa and submucosa of bladder are typical characteristics of FC. So, pathological examination is necessary for the final diagnosis of this entity. Conservative management is the best and most applied method in treatment. Notwithstanding the preferred approaches in conservative treatment options, radiotherapy and cystectomy can be applied in refractory cases. In our study, we evaluate current approaches with several cases with follicular cystitis and alternative treatment options with accompanying guidelines to treat this entity