Assessment of risk factors on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Abstract

Aim: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimal invasive procedure that is performed in patients who are unable to take oral feeding. Herein, we aimed to assess the risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo PEG. Material and Methods: This study was conducted, in a total of 143 patients who underwent PEG for enteral feeding, who were retrospectively analyzed in terms of clinical features, biochemical, hematological and microbiological parameters, and also morbidity and mortality. Results: The study enrolled 140 of 143 consecutive patients who underwent PEG, and a total of 206 interventions were performed. The rate of successful insertion was 98.5% (140/142). Complications were peristomal leakage (%29.3), infection due to PEG (9.3%), and tube blockage (6.4%), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis; a ≤ 3.5cm length of the PEG tube between the gastric mucosa and the skin (95% CI: 1.290-33.442 and P= 0.023) and a low platelet lymphocyte ratio (OR = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.989- 0.999 and p = 0.022) were risk factors of peristomal leakage. The 30-day mortality rate was 16%. Discussion: In patient with PEG, the complication rate varies between 5% and 66% according to follow-ups in the literature. The mortality usually depends on the primary disease, and it has been reported between 5% and 20%. Conclusion: PEG is a safe, effective, and minimal invasive procedure. A ≤3.5 cm length of a PEG tube between the gastric mucosa and skin and a low platelet lymphocyte ratio are risk factors for the development of peristomal leakage.