Aim: Although the the contribution of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) to hyperuricemia (hUA) has been previously shown in literature, there is not any study showing the contribution of GGT to hUA in a Turkish population. The aim of this study was to investigate both the association between GGT and uric acid (UA) and the contribution of GGT to hUA in the Turkish population.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Antalya, Turkey. A total of 14049 subjects (5521 males and 8528 females) aged > 40 years were recruited and divided into four subgroups according to serum GGT quartiles. Patient demographic data and laboratory results of biochemical parameters were obtained from electronic medical records. Linear regression analysis was applied to GGT quartiles with UA and binary logistic regression analysis was applied to GGT quartiles with hUA.Results: Firstly, serum UA levels were increased across GGT quartiles (p 0.001). Linear regression models showed GGT in the fourth quartile was strong associated with a 0.22 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16- 0.29, p = 0.001) increase in UA after adjustment. Logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with subjects in the lowest GGT quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia in the fourth quartile was 2.62 (95% CI 2.27- 3.01, p = 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Conclusions: Serum GGT is closely associated with serum UA and might contributes greatly to hUA.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine changes in bone structure after laser and piezo incisions evaluated with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: no additional intervention to accelerate tooth movement (n=15), laser incision (n=15), piezocision (n=15), and control (n=3). These groups were divided into subgroups based on duration of applied force: 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Piezo and laser incisions were made vertically on the mesial palatal side of the left maxillary molar without flap elevation. Tooth movement, bone volume, and bone mineral density were evaluated with micro-CT. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: There were no significant differences in bone mineral density, bone volume, or amount of tooth movement between time points in any of the groups. The amount of tooth movement was significantly different between the groups at day 21.Conclusion: These findings provide some initial basic understanding of changes in the bone following tooth movement alone and with piezocision and laser incisions. Larger sample sizes are needed to better elucidate their effects.