Clinical outcomes of non-diabetic COVID-19 patients with different blood

Abstract

Purpose New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. However, there are insufficient data about the effect of hyperglycemia on COVID-19 prognosis in non-diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between random blood glucose levels measured at the time of diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 disease in non-diabetic patients. Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort of non-diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 11 March to 30 May 2020 in the Turkish Ministry of Health database was investigated. The patients were stratified into three groups according to blood glucose levels which were <100 mg/dL in group-1, in the range of 100-139 mg/dl in group-2, and the range of 140-199 mg/dl in group-3. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared among the groups. The primary outcome was mortality. Results A total of 12,817 non-diabetic patients (median age [IQR]: 44 [25] years, females: 50.9%) were included. Patients in group-2 (5%) and group-3 (14%) had higher mortality rates than patients in group-1 (2.1%). The rates of hospitalization, hospital stays longer than 8 days, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU stay more than 6 days, and mechanical ventilation were also significantly higher in group-3 patients. Likewise, glucose levels in the range of 140-199 mg/dL were an independent associate of mortality and composite of ICU admission and/or mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Hyperglycemia at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in non-diabetic patients. Clinicians should be more careful in the treatment of non-diabetic COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia.

C1 [Haymana, Cem; Demirci, Ibrahim] Univ Hlth Sci Turkey, Gulhane Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey.

[Tasci, Ilker] Univ Hlth Sci Turkey, Gulhane Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Tasci, Ilker; Sonmez, Alper] Gulhane Training & Res Hosp, Ankara, Turkey.

[Cakal, Erman] Univ Hlth Sci Turkey, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Salman, Serpil] Med Clin, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey.

[Ertugrul, Derun] Univ Hlth Sci Turkey, Kecioren Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Ata, Naim] Minist Hlth, Republ Turkey, Dept Strategy Dev, Ankara, Turkey.

[Unluturk, Ugur; Dagdelen, Selcuk] Hacettepe Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Atmaca, Aysegul] Samsun 19 Mayis Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Samsun, Turkey.

[Sahin, Mustafa; Emral, Rifat] Ankara Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Celik, Osman] Minist Hlth, Republ Turkey, Publ Hosp Gen Directorate, Ankara, Turkey.

[Demir, Tevfik] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey.

[Sahin, Ibrahim] Malatya Inonu Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Malatya, Turkey.

[Caglayan, Murat] Ankara Prov Hlth Directorate, Ankara, Turkey.

[Satman, Ilhan] Istanbul Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey.

[Satman, Ilhan] Turkish Inst Publ Hlth & Chron Dis, Istanbul, Turkey.

[Sonmez, Alper] Univ Hlth Sci Turkey, Gulhane Fac Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey.