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Nanoparticles are suitable delivery systems for targeting of drugs, and extensive research in the field of nanomedicine is ongoing. Apart from cellular uptake, nanoparticles sometimes have to cross cellular barriers. Understanding the cellular uptake and transcytosis of nanoparticles are crucial for designing efficient nanoparticles. This chapter provides a review of cellular uptake mechanisms and transcytosis of nanoparticles. Also, the effect of the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles on their cellular internalization is also discussed. Although nanocarriers sometimes release their payload at the extracellular disease site and the released active ingredient enters the cells by itself to show its effect, another way is to deliver nanoparticles directly into cells, and then the payload is released there and it shows its effect. Electrostatic, van der Waals, and ionic forces between the cell and the nanoparticle and receptor-mediated recognition of opsonins are behind phagocytosis of nanoparticles. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. |
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