The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe
Lazaridis, I.; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S.; Acar, A.; Açıkkol, A.; Agelarakis, A.; Aghikyan, L.; Akyüz, U.; Andreeva, D.; Andrijašević, G.; Antonović, D.; Armit, I.; Atmaca, A.; Avetisyan, P.; Aytek, A.I.; Bacvarov, K.; Badalyan, R.; Bakardzhiev, S.; Balen, J.; Bejko, L.; Bernardos, R.; Bertsatos, A.; Biber, H.; Bilir, A.; Bodružić, M.; Bonogofsky, M.; Bonsall, C.; Borić, D.; Borovinić, N.; Morante, G.B.; Buttinger, K.; Callan, K.; Candilio, F.; Carić, M.; Cheronet, O.; Chohadzhiev, S.; Chovalopoulou, M.-E.; Chryssoulaki, S.; Ciobanu, I.; Čondić, N.; Constantinescu, M.; Cristiani, E.; Culleton, B.J.; Curtis, E.; Davis, J.; Davtyan, R.; Demcenco, T.I.; Dergachev, V.; Derin, Z.; Deskaj, S.; Devejyan, S.; Djordjević, V.; Carlson, K.S.D.; Eccles, L.R.; Elenski, N.; Engin, A.; Erdogan, N.; Erir-Pazarcı, S.; Fernandes, D.M.; Ferry, M.; Freilich, S.; Frînculeasa, A.; Galaty, M.L.; Gamarra, B.; Gasparyan, B.; Gaydarska, B.; Genç, E.; Gültekin, T.; Gündüz, S.; Hajdu, T.; Heyd, V.; Hobosyan, S.; Hovhannisyan, N.; Iliev, I.; Iliev, L.; Iliev, S.; Ivgin, I.; Janković, I.; Jovanova, L.; Karkanas, P.; Kavaz-Kındıgılı, B.; Kaya, E.H.; Keating, D.; Kennett, D.J.; Kesici, S.D.; Khudaverdyan, A.; Kiss, K.; Kılıç, S.; Klostermann, P.; Valdes, S.K.B.N.; Kovačević, S.; Krenz-Niedbała, M.; Škrivanko, M.K.; Kurti, R.; Kuzman, P.; Lawson, A.M.; Lazar, C.; Leshtakov, K.; Levy, T.E.; Liritzis, I.; Lorentz, K.O.; Łukasik, S.; Mah, M.; Mallick, S.; Mandl, K.; Martirosyan-Olshansky, K.; Matthews, R.; Matthews, W.; McSweeney, K.; Melikyan, V.; Micco, A.; Michel, M.; Milašinović, L.; Mittnik, A.; Monge, J.M.; Nekhrizov, G.; Nicholls, R.; Nikitin, A.G.; Nikolov, V.; Novak, M.; Olalde, I.; Oppenheimer, J.; Osterholtz, A.; Özdemir, C.; Özdogan, K.T.; Öztürk, N.; Papadimitriou, N.; Papakonstantinou, N.; Papathanasiou, A.; Paraman, L.; Paskary, E.G.; Patterson, N.; Petrakiev, I.; Petrosyan, L.; Petrova, V.; Philippa-Touchais, A.; Piliposyan, A.; Kuzman, N.P.; Potrebica, H.; Preda-Balanica, B.; Premužić, Z.; Douglas Price, T.; Qiu, L.; Radović, S.; Aziz, K.R.; Šikanjić, P.R.; Raheem, K.R.; Razumov, S.; Richardson, A.; Roodenberg, J.; Ruka, R.; Russeva, V.; Şahin, M.; Şarbak, A.; Savaş, E.; Schattke, C.; Schepartz, L.; Selçuk, T.; Sevim-Erol, A.; Shamoon-Pour, M.; Shephard, H.M.; Sideris, A.; Simalcsik, A.; Simonyan, H.; Sinika, V.; Sirak, K.; Sirbu, G.; Šlaus, M.; Soficaru, A.; Sögüt, B.; Sołtysiak, A.; Sönmez-Sözer, Ç.; Stathi, M.; Steskal, M.; Stewardson, K.; Stocker, S.; Suata-Alpaslan, F.; Suvorov, A.; Szécsényi-Nagy, A.; Szeniczey, T.; Telnov, N.; Temov, S.; Todorova, N.; Tota, U.; Touchais, G.; Triantaphyllou, S.; Türker, A.; Ugarković, M.; Valchev, T.; Veljanovska, F.; Videvski, Z.; Virag, C.; Wagner, A.; Walsh, S.; Włodarczak, P.; Noah Workman, J.; Yardumian, A.; Yarovoy, E.; Yavuz, A.Y.; Yılmaz, H.; Zalzala, F.; Zettl, A.; Zhang, Z.; Çavuşoglu, R.; Rohland, N.; Pinhasi, R.; Reich, D.
Tarih:
2022
Özet:
By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeaster Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (abo 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–We Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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