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OBJECTIVE: Ketamine, an N-methyl D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist drug, is reported to produce memory disruptions. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP), a pyruvic acid derivative, and risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, against ketamine-induced cognitive disturbances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A passive-avoidance test, a novel object recognition test, and a modified elevated plus maze test were used to assess memory functions. Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to determine the oxidation levels. RESULTS: Ketamine applications produced memory deficits in all tests and insignificantly increased MDA levels, which were alleviated by risperidone, EP, and combination treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Increased oxidative stress and neurotransmission imbalance can be responsible for ketamine-induced memory disruptions. With its antioxidant effects, EP may be helpful to reduce cognitive impairments related to schizophrenia either alone or in combination with antipsychotics. © 2022 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved. |
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