This study involves the monitoring of organic pollutants using transplanted mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as bioindicator organisms and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers. Mussels and SPMDs were deployed to marinas, shipyards and shipbreaking yards on the coastal area of Turkey and retrieved after 60 days. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds were analysed with high-resolution GC-MS. Total PAH concentrations in SPMDs and mussels ranged from 200 to 4740 ng g sampler(-1) and from 7.0 to 1130 ng g(-1) in wet weight (ww). PCB and OCP concentrations in SPMDs changed between 0.04-200 and 4.0-26 ng g sampler(-1), respectively. The highest PCB (190 ng g(-1) ww) and OCP (200 ng g(-1) ww) concentrations in mussels were measured at shipyard stations. A strong correlation was observed between the PAH and PCB concentrations in SPMDs and mussels. Enzyme assays (acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathion reductase and carboxylesterase activities) were performed as biomarkers to reveal the effects of pollution on the mussels. There was no clear relationship found between the enzyme levels and the pollutant concentrations in mussels. Integrated biomarker responses were calculated to interpret the overall effect of pollutants.
C1 [Okay, Oya S.; Karacik, Burak; Yilmaz, Atilla; Koyunbaba, Nazmi C.; Yakan, Sevil D.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
[Gungordu, Abbas; Ozmen, Murat] Inonu Univ, Arts & Sci Fac, Dept Biol, Lab Environm Toxicol, TR-44069 Malatya, Turkey.
[Henkelmann, Bernhard; Schramm, Karl-Werner] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Ecol Chem, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
[Schramm, Karl-Werner] TUM, Dept Biowissensch, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan Ernahrung & Landn, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.