Abstract:
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive generalized loss of muscle function, quality, strength and mass. Although it is
known as a primary geriatric disease, it may also develop in younger individuals secondary to immobilization, malnutrion and
cachexia.
The exact etiology is unknown, but the most commonly suggested contributory factors are a decrease in protein synthesis,
mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen products, chronic inflammation, nutritional deficiency, loss of perfusion, age-related
neuromuscular alterations, decrease in sex hormone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vitamin D levels
together with physical inactivity.
There are severe negative effects on quality of life and the individual’s socio-economic status and thus, sarcopenia is a significant
public health problem. Sarcopenia is strongly correlated with the increased fragility that develops in the elderly and is a significant
risk factor and also an indicator of disability and mortality.
The evaluation of muscle strength and physical performance is mandatory for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Despite the lack of a
definitive treatment method, the most commonly accepted approaches include physical activity, nutritional supplementation
therapy, and hormonal and new pharmacological agents.
In this review sarcopenia, which is a common but sometimes misdiagnosed condition in clinical practice, is discussed in the light of
current knowledge.
